What genetic factors help slow brain aging?

Scientists, including Russian biologist Alexei Moskalev, are studying genetic factors that could help slow the brain's aging process.

In his book “7 Steps to Mental Clarity,” Russian biologist Alexei Moskalev explains what brain longevity depends on, as well as the biological factors that influence brain aging and specific genes that make a person less susceptible to diseases and processes that pose a risk to cognitive functions.

What are the genetic factors that help reduce the negative impact of oxidative stress and how to build new connections between neurons?

Scientists have found that certain genetic variants may be associated with slower cognitive decline and a lower risk of age-related neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease.

Neurogenetics is the study of how genes influence the structure and function of the brain, including the aging process.

Here are some examples of “brain longevity genes.”

- APOE gene: This gene tells the brain how to handle cholesterol and other fats. One variant of this gene (APOE e2) is linked to a lower risk of Alzheimer's disease and better memory in old age.

- BDNF gene: Responsible for nourishing and maintaining nerve cells, which helps form new connections between them, and can protect the brain from stress and inflammation, and maintain mental clarity in old age.

- The FOXO3 gene regulates many processes in brain cells, including DNA repair, fighting free radicals, and recycling damaged proteins. Some variants of this gene are more common in older people and are associated with better cognitive health.

-Clock genes CLOCK, BMAL1, PER: control circadian rhythms, such as sleep-wake cycles, hormonal activity, and metabolism. Proper functioning of these genes helps the brain recover during sleep, expend energy optimally, and maintain its functions for longer.

-FGF21 Gene: A true anti-aging superhero. It helps the brain regulate glucose and fat metabolism, reduces oxidative stress and inflammation, and protects neurons from damage. Research suggests that activating FGF21 may improve cognitive function and slow neurodegeneration.

-Klotho gene: Named after the Greek goddess of fate who spins the threads of life, this gene can affect life expectancy and brain health. The protein klotho is involved in regulating a range of processes, from calcium and phosphorus metabolism to protection against oxidative stress and inflammation. Higher levels of it are associated with better memory, intelligence, and a lower risk of age-related cognitive decline.

- The ACE1 gene: A key regulator of blood pressure and cardiovascular function, but it also affects the brain, with some ACE1 variants linked to improved cognitive health, memory, and processing speed in old age.

- IGF1 gene and IGF1-R protein receptor. IGF1 (insulin-like growth factor 1): A hormone that stimulates the growth and development of cells, including neurons. It is also involved in regulating glucose metabolism, protecting against oxidative stress and inflammation. Research has shown that optimal levels of IGF1 are important for maintaining cognitive function and preventing neurodegeneration. However, chronic excess IGF1 activity can help accelerate aging and increase the risk of age-related diseases, including cancer.

Source: Russian Press